The Social in History

The irony of summer vacation for an academic is that you "work" more during the summer on certain projects than you do during the year. This summer, I have spent some time honing my oral history skill with a workshop sponsored by the Maitland Historical Society (MHS). The MHS sponsored a NIH approved certification program for oral history techniques. I have done some training, but new regulations are always being created. The NIH certification is important part of making sure I know the rules and regulation governing oral history projects. The workshop was great and I got a chance to use my new and hopefully improved skills to conduct an oral interview with a Maitland resident this week. Louise Franklin, the subject of my interview, is from one of the pioneer African-American families in Central Florida. Her parents, Larkin and Effie Franklin purchased land in Maitland in the early 1900s. The ten acre parcel they purchased on Lake Sibila became a focal point for the African-American community in Eatonville and Maitland. Louise Franklin, the youngest living member of the Franklin family, expresses great pride in the fact that her family retains control of the property today. Their home is a bit of living history, the trees on the property were planted by Ms. Franklin's father and you can see evidence of the effort he made to make his property a center of community life. As a large landowner, he opened his home to his neighbors in times of celebration and emergency. The Franklin family story challenges the traditional narrative of African-American life in the deep south. Rather than a story of landless desperate African-Americans at the mercy of the white majority, the Franklins owned property, educated their children, and served as pillar of their community. Their home serve as center of activity for holiday celebrations and with a basement, the Franklin home was the community's shelter from harsh Florida storms. Larkin Franklin worked as chauffeur for the mayor of Maitland, but he was maximized his land value planting oranges and other crops. The Franklin family history does not discount the problems faced by African-Americans, indeed their success was built on a rural Florida where black and white interaction was tightly controlled. The Franklin worked in the white society, but lived in a black world. Central Florida African-American community developed with small overall population, punishing climate, and lack of infrastructure acting as barriers to interaction that might lead to violence. Nonetheless, violence was a concern, especially for those African-Americans that dared to challenge Jim Crow rule. Understanding the Franklin family story broadens our understanding of how black life in Central Florida developed.

More stories to come.

Review of Reviews: The African-American Experience

I'm stuck in the midst of the "reviews of reviews" and have everything to do. Still it is a time of reflection and as I consider theory and practice in small ways and big--I see what I have done and can still do. The upside is, it occurs to me, I've done a lot! The downside is, it occurs to me, I haven't done as much as I would like:( Case in point, public history projects, of which I have a few, haven't developed fully into the forms I think necessary to provide the information to the wider community. Not to say things haven't been done, they have, but they need to look and feel better. I was talking to Vidhu Aggrawal about the next issue of her journal SPECS. SPECS is a world class publication done with small budget and staff. By comparison, I could do better. I have been thinking about it. The key is to create some sort of mechanism to standardize content and style. This mechanism (whatever it may be) will allow work done my students and faculty to be presented in clean and organized way. There is plenty to explore and once I get it working I think the public will be interested. For me, Central Florida offers a unique story about Gilded Age and Progressive Era, African-American experience, and Art and Culture in the twentieth century. As the coordinator of the Africa and African-American Studies Program, I am of course interested in getting students and the public exploring that history. The fact that Winter Park was designed with the assumption that African-Americans would live west of the railroad tracks and work in white community as support staff created a unique opportunity for a stable and in some ways, very prosperous black community to develop. I think you can see a strong connection between Hannibal Square in West Winter Park and the other more famous black community in Central Florida, Eatonville. Eatonville is famous because of Zora Neale Hurston, but of course, Zora had a unique relationship with Winter Park through the support provided to her by members of the Rollins College English Department. Indeed, the Olin Library Archive at Rollins has a Zora Neale Hurston collection that highlight the link between the author and the college. Still, a bigger question of autonomy and agency needs to be explored in the Central Florida area. I think the effect of leisure economy and Florida's existence as a frontier space allowed for greater sense of freedom for African-Americans in communities like Hannibal Square and Eatonville. Of course Jim Crow racism existed, the story of Hannibal Square's detachment from the town of Winter Park as way to undermine African-American Republican voters testifies to the power of white supremacy in Florida. Yet, the family history collection on display at the Hannibal Square Heritage Center demonstrates that African-Americans found ways to continue to function and thrive.


MORE TO DO

Focus on Central Florida History: Historic Winter Park & The Depugh Nursing Center

For several years I have been working with students to explore local history. The project, called Historic Winter Park, experimented with different formats to display the primary source research conducted in my classes. In the past, we worked closely with Winter Park Historical Association, but their recent website redesign removed the Historic Winter Park webpages. In the future, I hope to create a new permanent home for student created web-pages hosted on-campus. In the meantime, I want to keep those of you (if there are any of you) that might be interested in Central Florida's unique history in the loop. To accomplish that goal, I have decided to share some of the student research on the History Speaks blog. Winter Park has a unique African-American history and so, this has been a direction I have pushed the students to explore. The Depugh Nursing Center is the oldest African-American institution of its kind in Florida. The Olin Library archive has great archival materials that allowed students in my U.S. history survey to write the piece below.




The DePugh Nursing Center is a small building that sits on 550 West Morse Avenue in Winter Park, Florida. When you walk inside, everyone smiles at you and the atmosphere is light, not tension filled like many nursing centers often are. What many people do not know about the DePugh Nursing Center is that it is one of the oldest organizations in Winter Park, and was one of the first of its kind. The DePugh Nursing Center was Florida’s first state approved nursing home dedicated to the African American community and it helped to pioneer medical centers and nursing centers for African American communities, not only in Florida, but all across the country.

Mary Lee DePugh moved to the town of Winter Park, Florida in the winter of 1937. She moved with her husband, Baker, from Evanston, Illinois to escape the harsh northern winters. She moved at the request of her friend, Maud Kraft. Maud knew the DePughs when she lived in Evanston ten years prior. Maud’s late husband, George, was a wealthy Evanston businessman, and she needed help when he passed away. When the DePughs agreed to move to Winter Park, Maud bought a home for them in Westside Winter Park. This allowed the DePughs to live in a comfortable home in the black community instead of working as “live ins” in the white community. Mary Lee was happy in Winter Park, but she thought something was missing. Both Mary Lee and Maud were members of Woman’s Clubs in Evanston, Illinois, and they shared an appreciation for women’s clubs activism. Maud was a member of the Woman’s Club of Winter Park and she supported Mary Lee’s idea to establish a woman’s club on the Westside. Maud assisted DePugh in obtaining a building from the Congregational Church. On July 29, 1937, the Ideal Woman’s Club was chartered and May Lee DePugh was its first president.

As the club grew, the women found more services to provide to the Winter Park community. The first project the women undertook was to provide medical services to those in the community who could not otherwise afford it. After several fund raising efforts, their goal was achieved. The women were able to establish a dental and medical unit.

On February 14, 1954, Dr. Louis Schulz, president of the medical-dental clinic board, suggested the board turn its assets over to the Mary Lee DePugh Nursing Home Inc. A board for the nursing home was quickly established and they met for the first time on April 11, 1954. The Ideal Woman’s Club offered to contribute a plot of ground adjacent to the Club and the medical-dental clinic for the nursing home. The board began to plan what would be within the nursing home. They wanted to be able to accommodate an average of ten patients. They also wanted a maternity ward and an operating room for minor surgery. When the estimated costs were added up, it was said the cost of such a building would be approximately $30,000. The board was overwhelmed and unsure whether they could raise those funds.

Fortunately, a resident of Winter Park, who wished to remain anonymous, offered to give $15,000 toward the building fund, which meant the residents of Winter Park and the surrounding areas would just have to match that to have the funds they needed. The residents rallied, and they were able to raise the money needed. It was later found out that the anonymous donor was Mr. R. T. Miller, a winter resident of Winter Park. He lived in Winter Park for over twenty years and was a constant benefactor to its social and charitable organizations. He never, however, allowed his name to be mentioned in conjunction to his donations. This led him to be known as “Mr. Anonymous.”

The nursing home facility ended up having twenty-eight beds and was completed in a year and a half. The opening ceremonies took place in January 1956. The nursing home’s first patient was admitted on January 25, 1956. All resident rooms were furnished by memorials and all tasks around the home were performed by volunteers. The DePugh Nursing Home was Florida’s first state approved nursing home dedicated to the African American Community. Mrs. Chaney Laughlin was the home’s first supervisor. She was forced to retire due to health reasons, so she secured the services of Mrs. Hazel Venable to succeed her in early 1957.

Mrs. Hazel Venable worked hard to keep the home up and running. In the early years, this was very difficult because income was low and most of the patients were supported by welfare. In February 1957, a group known as Friends of the DePugh Nursing Home was organized by Harriet Peasley and Mrs. W. H. Bowles became the first president. The Friends of the nursing home were there to assist with any financial needs the DePugh Nursing Home found they had. The first project assisted by the Friends of the DePugh Nursing Home was a sun porch on the south side of the facility. It was built in 1959 and cost approximately $2,600 . The Friends of the nursing home paid a major portion of the cost.

With the help of the Friends of the DePugh Nursing Home, the facility was slowly able to grow and more services were offered. The facility also became more well-known in the community, and soon benefactors would offer donations without being solicited. An example of this occurred in August, 1961. A.G. Bush was passing the facility and felt concern for the patient’s comfort in the Florida heat. Bush made a contract to place air conditioning units in the building. Bush assumed the responsibility for maintenance and operating costs until his death in 1966. Even after his death, the Bush Foundation continued to cover maintenance costs until 1970. They gave approximately $5,000 per year.

In 1964, it was decided by the board of directors that the home needed to expand. Under the leadership of Gen. T. J. Du Bose and Robert Langford, Winter Park enabled a financial campaign to raise money for the expansion. In the end, the sun porch built in 1959 was eliminated, but it enabled the home to increase its beds from twenty-eight to thirty-five. It also allowed the home to acquire a refrigerator, stove, and a cleaning cart. They were also able to remodel the nurses’ station in the main corridor and create a new conference room and storage closets.

It was around this time the home began to operate on a more sound business basis. They were able to hire someone to keep track of bookkeeping and medical records. In 1966, Winter Park attorney Kenneth Murrah became president of the home. During his tenure, he was instrumental in securing the home for more expansion. In 1967, the home received a bequest from the estate of Mrs. Georgia Nelidsky of $153,000. The home purchased new lots for the addition to the home in 1968. Kenneth Murrah insisted the expansion was necessary. The facilities would not allow separation of patients who needed medical care from those who required constant custodial care. Because of the crowded conditions, the home did not qualify for benefits under medicare. If the home received medicare, they would be able to bring in a medical doctor to certify needs of a care home, and the DePugh Nursing Home could be qualified as a care home . Fortunately, the home was able to expand.

In October 1976, the Mary Lee DePugh Nursing Home cut the ribbon to officially open the nursing home’s new addition. The addition included a lounge, kitchen, dining room, multi-purpose room, and a patio .

Though Mary Lee DePugh passed away in 1949 at the age of 83 and was unable to see the DePugh Nursing Center flourish, she would have felt her vision had been fulfilled. The DePugh Nursing Home continues to give a loving home to those who need it most. The history of the DePugh Nursing Home has many stories of human kindness. Many members of the Winter Park community gave aid to those who society left homeless and without care. The DePugh Nursing Home has given hope to so many throughout the years, and will continue to do so. The nursing home still stands in Winter Park on its original site, 550 West Morse Boulevard. Their website proudly states their motto, “We’re family when you’re away from family...” . They have provided amazing care for the community of Winter Park, and will continue to do so.

Created in HIS 142: United States History to 1877, Written By: Madeline Obler and Nick Sweeney